Librarian
Levels of Evidence / Evidence Hierarchy
Levels of Evidence from LoBiondo-Wood & Haber (2022)
Level |
Research Designs |
|---|---|
| 1 | Systematic Review and/or meta-analysis of RCTs (randomized control trials) |
| 2 | Randomized control trials |
| 3 | Quasi-experimental Studies |
| 4 | Non-experimental quantitative studies (cohort and case control) |
| 5 | Meta-synthesis |
| 6 | Qualitative studies |
| 7 | Expert opinions: reports from expert panels and organizations, not based on research |
Adapted from LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J. (2022). Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (10th ed.). Elsevier. pg. 15
